feat: add flexible capability-based RBAC with per-tenant customization

Introduces a capability layer on top of existing roles that controls
feature visibility and access. Capabilities follow an area.feature.action
taxonomy (~35 capabilities) with sensible defaults per role. Tenant admins
can customize via grant/revoke overrides stored in org settings JSONB.

Key changes:
- Add vice_president role to DB schema
- Backend: capability constants, resolution logic, CapabilityGuard (global),
  @RequireCapability decorator on all 16 tenant controllers
- Frontend: permission hooks (useCanEdit, useHasCapability), CapabilityGate
  component, sidebar filtering by capability, all 17 pages migrated from
  useIsReadOnly to capability-based checks
- New admin UI: /settings/permissions matrix page for per-tenant role
  customization with grant/revoke delta model
- GET /organizations/my-capabilities endpoint for capability refresh
- Validation of permissionOverrides in settings updates

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/src/app.module.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { AppController } from './app.controller';
 import { DatabaseModule } from './database/database.module';
 import { TenantMiddleware } from './database/tenant.middleware';
 import { WriteAccessGuard } from './common/guards/write-access.guard';
+import { CapabilityGuard } from './common/guards/capability.guard';
 import { NoCacheInterceptor } from './common/interceptors/no-cache.interceptor';
 import { AuthModule } from './modules/auth/auth.module';
 import { OrganizationsModule } from './modules/organizations/organizations.module';
@@ -100,6 +101,10 @@ import { ScheduleModule } from '@nestjs/schedule';
       provide: APP_GUARD,
       useClass: WriteAccessGuard,
     },
+    {
+      provide: APP_GUARD,
+      useClass: CapabilityGuard,
+    },
     {
       provide: APP_INTERCEPTOR,
       useClass: NoCacheInterceptor,

backend/src/common/decorators/capability.decorator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { SetMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export const CAPABILITIES_KEY = 'required_capabilities';
+
+/**
+ * Decorator to require specific capabilities on an endpoint.
+ * User must have ALL listed capabilities to access the endpoint.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
+ *   @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.view', 'financials.accounts.edit')
+ */
+export const RequireCapability = (...capabilities: string[]) =>
+  SetMetadata(CAPABILITIES_KEY, capabilities);

backend/src/common/guards/capability.guard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext, ForbiddenException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
+import { CAPABILITIES_KEY } from '../decorators/capability.decorator';
+import { resolveCapabilities } from '../permissions';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class CapabilityGuard implements CanActivate {
+  // Cache org settings (including permissionOverrides) per orgId
+  private settingsCache = new Map<string, { settings: Record<string, any>; cachedAt: number }>();
+  private static readonly CACHE_TTL = 60_000; // 60 seconds
+
+  constructor(
+    private reflector: Reflector,
+    private dataSource: DataSource,
+  ) {}
+
+  async canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): Promise<boolean> {
+    const requiredCapabilities = this.reflector.getAllAndOverride<string[]>(CAPABILITIES_KEY, [
+      context.getHandler(),
+      context.getClass(),
+    ]);
+
+    // No capabilities required — pass through (backward compatible)
+    if (!requiredCapabilities || requiredCapabilities.length === 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest();
+    const user = request.user;
+
+    // No authenticated user — let other guards handle auth
+    if (!user) return true;
+
+    // Superadmins bypass all capability checks
+    if (user.isSuperadmin) return true;
+
+    const role = user.role;
+    const orgId = user.orgId;
+
+    if (!role || !orgId) return true;
+
+    // Get org settings (with caching)
+    const settings = await this.getOrgSettings(orgId);
+    const userCapabilities = resolveCapabilities(role, settings?.permissionOverrides);
+
+    // User must have ALL required capabilities
+    const hasAll = requiredCapabilities.every((cap) => userCapabilities.has(cap));
+    if (!hasAll) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException(
+        'You do not have the required permissions for this action.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private async getOrgSettings(orgId: string): Promise<Record<string, any> | null> {
+    const cached = this.settingsCache.get(orgId);
+    if (cached && Date.now() - cached.cachedAt < CapabilityGuard.CACHE_TTL) {
+      return cached.settings;
+    }
+    try {
+      const result = await this.dataSource.query(
+        `SELECT settings FROM shared.organizations WHERE id = $1`,
+        [orgId],
+      );
+      if (result.length > 0) {
+        const settings = result[0].settings || {};
+        this.settingsCache.set(orgId, { settings, cachedAt: Date.now() });
+        return settings;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Non-critical — fall through to use defaults only
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /** Clear cached settings for an org (call after settings update) */
+  clearCache(orgId: string) {
+    this.settingsCache.delete(orgId);
+  }
+}

backend/src/common/permissions/capabilities.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Capability taxonomy for the HOA Financial Platform.
+ *
+ * Pattern: {area}.{feature}.{action}
+ * Actions: view, edit, approve, manage
+ *
+ * Add new capabilities here when new features are built.
+ * The default role matrix in ./default-role-capabilities.ts must also be updated.
+ */
+export const CAPABILITIES = {
+  // Dashboard
+  DASHBOARD_VIEW: 'dashboard.view',
+
+  // Financials
+  FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW: 'financials.accounts.view',
+  FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT: 'financials.accounts.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW: 'financials.cashflow.view',
+  FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT: 'financials.cashflow.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW: 'financials.actuals.view',
+  FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT: 'financials.actuals.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW: 'financials.budgets.view',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT: 'financials.budgets.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE: 'financials.budgets.approve',
+
+  // Assessments
+  ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW: 'assessments.units.view',
+  ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT: 'assessments.units.edit',
+  ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW: 'assessments.groups.view',
+  ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT: 'assessments.groups.edit',
+
+  // Board Planning
+  PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW: 'planning.budgets.view',
+  PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT: 'planning.budgets.edit',
+  PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW: 'planning.projects.view',
+  PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT: 'planning.projects.edit',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW: 'planning.scenarios.view',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT: 'planning.scenarios.edit',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE: 'planning.scenarios.approve',
+  PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW: 'planning.investments.view',
+  PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT: 'planning.investments.edit',
+
+  // Board Reference
+  REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW: 'reference.vendors.view',
+  REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT: 'reference.vendors.edit',
+
+  // Transactions
+  TRANSACTIONS_VIEW: 'transactions.view',
+  TRANSACTIONS_EDIT: 'transactions.edit',
+  TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE: 'transactions.approve',
+
+  // Reports
+  REPORTS_VIEW: 'reports.view',
+
+  // Settings & Administration
+  SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW: 'settings.org.view',
+  SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT: 'settings.org.edit',
+  SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW: 'settings.members.view',
+  SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE: 'settings.members.manage',
+  SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE: 'settings.permissions.manage',
+} as const;
+
+export type Capability = (typeof CAPABILITIES)[keyof typeof CAPABILITIES];
+
+/** Set of all valid capability strings, for validation */
+export const ALL_CAPABILITIES = new Set<string>(Object.values(CAPABILITIES));

backend/src/common/permissions/default-role-capabilities.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import { CAPABILITIES, Capability } from './capabilities';
+
+const C = CAPABILITIES;
+
+/**
+ * Default capability sets per role.
+ *
+ * These represent sensible defaults for a typical HOA. Tenant admins can
+ * customize per-role capabilities via permission overrides in org settings.
+ *
+ * Roles not listed here (e.g. unknown future roles) get zero capabilities.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES: Record<string, readonly Capability[]> = {
+  president: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT, C.TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE,
+    C.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE,
+  ],
+
+  admin: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT, C.TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE,
+    C.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE,
+  ],
+
+  vice_president: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  treasurer: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  secretary: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  member_at_large: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  manager: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  homeowner: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  viewer: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+};

backend/src/common/permissions/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export { CAPABILITIES, ALL_CAPABILITIES } from './capabilities';
+export type { Capability } from './capabilities';
+export { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from './default-role-capabilities';
+export { resolveCapabilities, resolveCapabilitiesArray } from './resolve-permissions';
+export type { PermissionOverrides } from './resolve-permissions';

backend/src/common/permissions/resolve-permissions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { ALL_CAPABILITIES } from './capabilities';
+import { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from './default-role-capabilities';
+
+export interface PermissionOverrides {
+  [role: string]: {
+    grant?: string[];
+    revoke?: string[];
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve effective capabilities for a role, applying tenant overrides.
+ *
+ * 1. Start with default capabilities for the role
+ * 2. Add any granted capabilities from overrides
+ * 3. Remove any revoked capabilities from overrides
+ *
+ * Unknown capabilities in grant/revoke are silently ignored (they may
+ * come from an older version of the overrides).
+ */
+export function resolveCapabilities(
+  role: string,
+  overrides?: PermissionOverrides | null,
+): Set<string> {
+  const defaults = DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[role] || [];
+  const result = new Set<string>(defaults);
+
+  if (overrides && overrides[role]) {
+    const roleOverride = overrides[role];
+
+    if (roleOverride.grant) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.grant) {
+        if (ALL_CAPABILITIES.has(cap)) {
+          result.add(cap);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (roleOverride.revoke) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.revoke) {
+        result.delete(cap);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenience: resolve to a sorted array (for API responses).
+ */
+export function resolveCapabilitiesArray(
+  role: string,
+  overrides?: PermissionOverrides | null,
+): string[] {
+  return Array.from(resolveCapabilities(role, overrides)).sort();
+}

backend/src/modules/accounts/accounts.controller.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { AccountsService } from './accounts.service';
 import { CreateAccountDto } from './dto/create-account.dto';
 import { UpdateAccountDto } from './dto/update-account.dto';
@@ -16,24 +17,28 @@ export class AccountsController {
 
   @Get()
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'List all accounts' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.view')
   findAll(@Query('fundType') fundType?: string, @Query('includeArchived') includeArchived?: string) {
     return this.accountsService.findAll(fundType, includeArchived === 'true');
   }
 
   @Get('trial-balance')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get trial balance' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.view')
   getTrialBalance(@Query('asOfDate') asOfDate?: string) {
     return this.accountsService.getTrialBalance(asOfDate);
   }
 
   @Put(':id/set-primary')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Set account as primary for its fund type' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   setPrimary(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.accountsService.setPrimary(id);
   }
 
   @Post('bulk-opening-balances')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Set opening balances for multiple accounts' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   bulkSetOpeningBalances(
     @Body() dto: { asOfDate: string; entries: { accountId: string; targetBalance: number }[] },
   ) {
@@ -42,6 +47,7 @@ export class AccountsController {
 
   @Post(':id/opening-balance')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Set opening balance for an account at a specific date' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   setOpeningBalance(
     @Param('id') id: string,
     @Body() dto: { targetBalance: number; asOfDate: string; memo?: string },
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ export class AccountsController {
 
   @Post(':id/adjust-balance')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Adjust account balance to a target amount' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   adjustBalance(
     @Param('id') id: string,
     @Body() dto: { targetBalance: number; asOfDate: string; memo?: string },
@@ -60,6 +67,7 @@ export class AccountsController {
 
   @Post('transfer')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Transfer funds between asset accounts' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   transferFunds(
     @Body() dto: { fromAccountId: string; toAccountId: string; amount: number; transferDate: string; memo?: string },
   ) {
@@ -68,18 +76,21 @@ export class AccountsController {
 
   @Get(':id')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get account by ID' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.accountsService.findOne(id);
   }
 
   @Post()
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Create a new account' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: CreateAccountDto) {
     return this.accountsService.create(dto);
   }
 
   @Put(':id')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Update an account' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.accounts.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: UpdateAccountDto) {
     return this.accountsService.update(id, dto);
   }

backend/src/modules/assessment-groups/assessment-groups.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { AssessmentGroupsService } from './assessment-groups.service';
 
 @ApiTags('assessment-groups')
@@ -11,23 +12,30 @@ export class AssessmentGroupsController {
   constructor(private service: AssessmentGroupsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.view')
   findAll() { return this.service.findAll(); }
 
   @Get('summary')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.view')
   getSummary() { return this.service.getSummary(); }
 
   @Get('default')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.view')
   getDefault() { return this.service.getDefault(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.service.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.service.update(id, dto); }
 
   @Put(':id/set-default')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.groups.edit')
   setDefault(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.setDefault(id); }
 }

backend/src/modules/auth/auth.service.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { EmailService } from '../email/email.service';
 import { RegisterDto } from './dto/register.dto';
 import { User } from '../users/entities/user.entity';
 import { RefreshTokenService } from './refresh-token.service';
+import { resolveCapabilitiesArray } from '../../common/permissions';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class AuthService {
@@ -162,6 +163,12 @@ export class AuthService {
     // Generate new refresh token for org switch
     const refreshToken = await this.refreshTokenService.createRefreshToken(user.id);
 
+    const orgSettings = membership.organization.settings || {};
+    const capabilities = resolveCapabilitiesArray(
+      membership.role,
+      orgSettings.permissionOverrides,
+    );
+
     return {
       accessToken: this.jwtService.sign(payload),
       refreshToken,
@@ -169,7 +176,8 @@ export class AuthService {
         id: membership.organization.id,
         name: membership.organization.name,
         role: membership.role,
-        settings: membership.organization.settings || {},
+        settings: orgSettings,
+        capabilities,
       },
     };
   }
@@ -468,12 +476,16 @@ export class AuthService {
         hasSeenIntro: user.hasSeenIntro || false,
         mfaEnabled: user.mfaEnabled || false,
       },
-      organizations: orgs.map((uo) => ({
+      organizations: orgs.map((uo) => {
+        const settings = uo.organization?.settings || {};
+        return {
           id: uo.organizationId,
           name: uo.organization?.name,
           status: uo.organization?.status,
           role: uo.role,
-      })),
+          capabilities: resolveCapabilitiesArray(uo.role, settings.permissionOverrides),
+        };
+      }),
     };
   }
 

backend/src/modules/board-planning/board-planning.controller.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Response } from 'express';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
 import { AllowViewer } from '../../common/decorators/allow-viewer.decorator';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { BoardPlanningService } from './board-planning.service';
 import { BoardPlanningProjectionService } from './board-planning-projection.service';
 import { BudgetPlanningService } from './budget-planning.service';
@@ -22,27 +23,32 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('scenarios')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   listScenarios(@Query('type') type?: string) {
     return this.service.listScenarios(type);
   }
 
   @Get('scenarios/:id')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   getScenario(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.service.getScenario(id);
   }
 
   @Post('scenarios')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   createScenario(@Body() dto: any, @Req() req: any) {
     return this.service.createScenario(dto, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Put('scenarios/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   updateScenario(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.updateScenario(id, dto);
   }
 
   @Delete('scenarios/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   deleteScenario(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.service.deleteScenario(id);
   }
@@ -51,26 +57,31 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('scenarios/:scenarioId/investments')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   listInvestments(@Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string) {
     return this.service.listInvestments(scenarioId);
   }
 
   @Post('scenarios/:scenarioId/investments')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   addInvestment(@Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.addInvestment(scenarioId, dto);
   }
 
   @Post('scenarios/:scenarioId/investments/from-recommendation')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   addFromRecommendation(@Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.addInvestmentFromRecommendation(scenarioId, dto);
   }
 
   @Put('investments/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   updateInvestment(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.updateInvestment(id, dto);
   }
 
   @Delete('investments/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   removeInvestment(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.service.removeInvestment(id);
   }
@@ -79,21 +90,25 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('scenarios/:scenarioId/assessments')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   listAssessments(@Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string) {
     return this.service.listAssessments(scenarioId);
   }
 
   @Post('scenarios/:scenarioId/assessments')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   addAssessment(@Param('scenarioId') scenarioId: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.addAssessment(scenarioId, dto);
   }
 
   @Put('assessments/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   updateAssessment(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) {
     return this.service.updateAssessment(id, dto);
   }
 
   @Delete('assessments/:id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   removeAssessment(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.service.removeAssessment(id);
   }
@@ -102,11 +117,13 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('scenarios/:id/projection')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   getProjection(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.projection.getProjection(id);
   }
 
   @Post('scenarios/:id/projection/refresh')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   refreshProjection(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.projection.computeProjection(id);
   }
@@ -115,6 +132,7 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('compare')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   compareScenarios(@Query('ids') ids: string) {
     const scenarioIds = ids.split(',').map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean);
     return this.projection.compareScenarios(scenarioIds);
@@ -123,6 +141,7 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
   // ── Execute Investment ──
 
   @Post('investments/:id/execute')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   executeInvestment(
     @Param('id') id: string,
     @Body() dto: { executionDate: string },
@@ -135,43 +154,51 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
 
   @Get('budget-plans')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   listBudgetPlans() {
     return this.budgetPlanning.listPlans();
   }
 
   @Get('budget-plans/available-years')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   getAvailableYears() {
     return this.budgetPlanning.getAvailableYears();
   }
 
   @Get('budget-plans/:year')
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   getBudgetPlan(@Param('year') year: string) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.getPlan(parseInt(year, 10));
   }
 
   @Post('budget-plans')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   createBudgetPlan(@Body() dto: { fiscalYear: number; baseYear: number; inflationRate?: number }, @Req() req: any) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.createPlan(dto.fiscalYear, dto.baseYear, dto.inflationRate ?? 2.5, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Put('budget-plans/:year/lines')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   updateBudgetPlanLines(@Param('year') year: string, @Body() dto: { planId: string; lines: any[] }) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.updateLines(dto.planId, dto.lines);
   }
 
   @Put('budget-plans/:year/inflation')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   updateBudgetPlanInflation(@Param('year') year: string, @Body() dto: { inflationRate: number }) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.updateInflation(parseInt(year, 10), dto.inflationRate);
   }
 
   @Put('budget-plans/:year/status')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   advanceBudgetPlanStatus(@Param('year') year: string, @Body() dto: { status: string }, @Req() req: any) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.advanceStatus(parseInt(year, 10), dto.status, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Post('budget-plans/:year/import')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   importBudgetPlanLines(
     @Param('year') year: string,
     @Body() lines: any[],
@@ -181,6 +208,7 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
   }
 
   @Get('budget-plans/:year/template')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.view')
   async getBudgetPlanTemplate(
     @Param('year') year: string,
     @Res() res: Response,
@@ -194,6 +222,7 @@ export class BoardPlanningController {
   }
 
   @Delete('budget-plans/:year')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.scenarios.edit')
   deleteBudgetPlan(@Param('year') year: string) {
     return this.budgetPlanning.deletePlan(parseInt(year, 10));
   }

backend/src/modules/budgets/budgets.controller.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Controller, Get, Put, Post, Body, Param, Query, Res, UseGuards, ParseIn
 import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { Response } from 'express';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { BudgetsService } from './budgets.service';
 import { UpsertBudgetDto } from './dto/upsert-budget.dto';
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ export class BudgetsController {
 
   @Post(':year/import')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Import budget data from parsed CSV/XLSX lines' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.budgets.edit')
   importBudget(
     @Param('year', ParseIntPipe) year: number,
     @Body() lines: any[],
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ export class BudgetsController {
 
   @Get(':year/template')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Download budget CSV template for a fiscal year' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.budgets.view')
   async getTemplate(
     @Param('year', ParseIntPipe) year: number,
     @Res() res: Response,
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ export class BudgetsController {
 
   @Get(':year/vs-actual')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Budget vs actual comparison' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.budgets.view')
   budgetVsActual(
     @Param('year', ParseIntPipe) year: number,
     @Query('month') month?: string,
@@ -46,12 +50,14 @@ export class BudgetsController {
 
   @Get(':year')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get budgets for a fiscal year' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.budgets.view')
   findByYear(@Param('year', ParseIntPipe) year: number) {
     return this.budgetsService.findByYear(year);
   }
 
   @Put(':year')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Upsert budgets for a fiscal year' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.budgets.edit')
   upsert(
     @Param('year', ParseIntPipe) year: number,
     @Body() budgets: UpsertBudgetDto[],

backend/src/modules/capital-projects/capital-projects.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { CapitalProjectsService } from './capital-projects.service';
 
 @ApiTags('capital-projects')
@@ -11,14 +12,18 @@ export class CapitalProjectsController {
   constructor(private service: CapitalProjectsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findAll() { return this.service.findAll(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.service.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.service.update(id, dto); }
 }

backend/src/modules/investment-planning/investment-planning.controller.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Controller, Get, Post, UseGuards, Req } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth, ApiOperation } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
 import { AllowViewer } from '../../common/decorators/allow-viewer.decorator';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { InvestmentPlanningService } from './investment-planning.service';
 
 @ApiTags('investment-planning')
@@ -13,24 +14,28 @@ export class InvestmentPlanningController {
 
   @Get('snapshot')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get financial snapshot for investment planning' })
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   getSnapshot() {
     return this.service.getFinancialSnapshot();
   }
 
   @Get('cd-rates')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get latest CD rates from market data (backward compat)' })
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   getCdRates() {
     return this.service.getCdRates();
   }
 
   @Get('market-rates')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get all market rates grouped by type (CD, Money Market, High Yield Savings)' })
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   getMarketRates() {
     return this.service.getMarketRates();
   }
 
   @Get('saved-recommendation')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get the latest saved AI recommendation for this tenant' })
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   getSavedRecommendation() {
     return this.service.getSavedRecommendation();
   }
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@ export class InvestmentPlanningController {
   @Post('recommendations')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Trigger AI-powered investment recommendations (async — returns immediately)' })
   @AllowViewer()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.edit')
   triggerRecommendations(@Req() req: any) {
     return this.service.triggerAIRecommendations(req.user?.sub, req.user?.orgId);
   }

backend/src/modules/investments/investments.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { InvestmentsService } from './investments.service';
 
 @ApiTags('investments')
@@ -11,14 +12,18 @@ export class InvestmentsController {
   constructor(private service: InvestmentsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   findAll() { return this.service.findAll(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.service.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.investments.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.service.update(id, dto); }
 }

backend/src/modules/invoices/invoices.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Body, Param, UseGuards, Request } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { InvoicesService } from './invoices.service';
 
 @ApiTags('invoices')
@@ -11,22 +12,27 @@ export class InvoicesController {
   constructor(private invoicesService: InvoicesService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findAll() { return this.invoicesService.findAll(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.invoicesService.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post('generate-preview')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   generatePreview(@Body() dto: { month: number; year: number }) {
     return this.invoicesService.generatePreview(dto);
   }
 
   @Post('generate-bulk')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   generateBulk(@Body() dto: { month: number; year: number }, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.invoicesService.generateBulk(dto, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Post('apply-late-fees')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   applyLateFees(@Body() dto: { grace_period_days: number; late_fee_amount: number }, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.invoicesService.applyLateFees(dto, req.user.sub);
   }

backend/src/modules/journal-entries/journal-entries.controller.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
 } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { JournalEntriesService } from './journal-entries.service';
 import { CreateJournalEntryDto } from './dto/create-journal-entry.dto';
 import { VoidJournalEntryDto } from './dto/void-journal-entry.dto';
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ export class JournalEntriesController {
 
   @Get()
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'List journal entries' })
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findAll(
     @Query('from') from?: string,
     @Query('to') to?: string,
@@ -27,24 +29,28 @@ export class JournalEntriesController {
 
   @Get(':id')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get journal entry by ID' })
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) {
     return this.jeService.findOne(id);
   }
 
   @Post()
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Create a journal entry' })
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: CreateJournalEntryDto, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.jeService.create(dto, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Post(':id/post')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Post (finalize) a journal entry' })
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   post(@Param('id') id: string, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.jeService.post(id, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Post(':id/void')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Void a journal entry' })
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   void(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: VoidJournalEntryDto, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.jeService.void(id, req.user.sub, dto.reason);
   }

backend/src/modules/monthly-actuals/monthly-actuals.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Param, Body, UseGuards, Request } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { MonthlyActualsService } from './monthly-actuals.service';
 
 @ApiTags('monthly-actuals')
@@ -12,12 +13,14 @@ export class MonthlyActualsController {
 
   @Get(':year/:month')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get monthly actuals grid for a specific month' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.actuals.view')
   async getGrid(@Param('year') year: string, @Param('month') month: string) {
     return this.monthlyActualsService.getActualsGrid(parseInt(year), parseInt(month));
   }
 
   @Post(':year/:month')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Save monthly actuals (creates reconciled journal entry)' })
+  @RequireCapability('financials.actuals.edit')
   async save(
     @Param('year') year: string,
     @Param('month') month: string,

backend/src/modules/organizations/organizations.controller.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { OrganizationsService } from './organizations.service';
 import { CreateOrganizationDto } from './dto/create-organization.dto';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
+import { resolveCapabilitiesArray, ALL_CAPABILITIES } from '../../common/permissions';
 
 @ApiTags('organizations')
 @Controller('organizations')
@@ -23,54 +25,87 @@ export class OrganizationsController {
     return this.orgService.findByUser(req.user.sub);
   }
 
+  @Get('my-capabilities')
+  @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Get resolved capabilities for current user in current org' })
+  async getMyCapabilities(@Request() req: any) {
+    const org = await this.orgService.findById(req.user.orgId);
+    const settings = org?.settings || {};
+    const capabilities = resolveCapabilitiesArray(req.user.role, settings.permissionOverrides);
+    return { role: req.user.role, capabilities };
+  }
+
   @Patch('settings')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Update settings for the current organization' })
+  @RequireCapability('settings.org.edit')
   async updateSettings(@Request() req: any, @Body() body: Record<string, any>) {
-    this.requireTenantAdmin(req);
+    // Validate permissionOverrides if present
+    if (body.permissionOverrides) {
+      this.validatePermissionOverrides(body.permissionOverrides);
+    }
     return this.orgService.updateSettings(req.user.orgId, body);
   }
 
   // ── Org Member Management ──
 
-  private requireTenantAdmin(req: any) {
-    const role = req.user.role;
-    if (!['president', 'admin', 'treasurer'].includes(role) && !req.user.isSuperadmin) {
-      throw new ForbiddenException('Only organization administrators can manage members');
-    }
-  }
-
   @Get('members')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'List members of current organization' })
+  @RequireCapability('settings.members.view')
   async getMembers(@Request() req: any) {
-    this.requireTenantAdmin(req);
     return this.orgService.getMembers(req.user.orgId);
   }
 
   @Post('members')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Add a member to the current organization' })
+  @RequireCapability('settings.members.manage')
   async addMember(
     @Request() req: any,
     @Body() body: { email: string; firstName: string; lastName: string; password: string; role: string },
   ) {
-    this.requireTenantAdmin(req);
     return this.orgService.addMember(req.user.orgId, body);
   }
 
   @Put('members/:id/role')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Update a member role' })
+  @RequireCapability('settings.members.manage')
   async updateMemberRole(
     @Request() req: any,
     @Param('id') id: string,
     @Body() body: { role: string },
   ) {
-    this.requireTenantAdmin(req);
     return this.orgService.updateMemberRole(req.user.orgId, id, body.role);
   }
 
   @Delete('members/:id')
   @ApiOperation({ summary: 'Remove a member from the organization' })
+  @RequireCapability('settings.members.manage')
   async removeMember(@Request() req: any, @Param('id') id: string) {
-    this.requireTenantAdmin(req);
     return this.orgService.removeMember(req.user.orgId, id, req.user.sub);
   }
+
+  private validatePermissionOverrides(overrides: any) {
+    if (typeof overrides !== 'object' || overrides === null) {
+      throw new ForbiddenException('permissionOverrides must be an object');
+    }
+    const validRoles = ['president', 'vice_president', 'treasurer', 'secretary', 'member_at_large', 'manager', 'homeowner', 'admin', 'viewer'];
+    for (const role of Object.keys(overrides)) {
+      if (!validRoles.includes(role)) {
+        throw new ForbiddenException(`Invalid role in permissionOverrides: ${role}`);
+      }
+      const entry = overrides[role];
+      if (entry.grant) {
+        for (const cap of entry.grant) {
+          if (!ALL_CAPABILITIES.has(cap)) {
+            throw new ForbiddenException(`Unknown capability in grant: ${cap}`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (entry.revoke) {
+        for (const cap of entry.revoke) {
+          if (!ALL_CAPABILITIES.has(cap)) {
+            throw new ForbiddenException(`Unknown capability in revoke: ${cap}`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }

backend/src/modules/payments/payments.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Body, Param, UseGuards, Request } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { PaymentsService } from './payments.service';
 
 @ApiTags('payments')
@@ -11,19 +12,24 @@ export class PaymentsController {
   constructor(private paymentsService: PaymentsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findAll() { return this.paymentsService.findAll(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.paymentsService.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any, @Request() req: any) { return this.paymentsService.create(dto, req.user.sub); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any, @Request() req: any) {
     return this.paymentsService.update(id, dto, req.user.sub);
   }
 
   @Delete(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('transactions.edit')
   delete(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.paymentsService.delete(id); }
 }

backend/src/modules/projects/projects.controller.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, Res, UseGuards } from '@nestjs
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { Response } from 'express';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { ProjectsService } from './projects.service';
 
 @ApiTags('projects')
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ export class ProjectsController {
   constructor(private service: ProjectsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findAll() { return this.service.findAll(); }
 
   @Get('export')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   async exportCSV(@Res() res: Response) {
     const csv = await this.service.exportCSV();
     res.set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/csv', 'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename="projects.csv"' });
@@ -22,21 +25,27 @@ export class ProjectsController {
   }
 
   @Get('planning')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findForPlanning() { return this.service.findForPlanning(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post('import')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   importCSV(@Body() rows: any[]) { return this.service.importCSV(rows); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.service.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.service.update(id, dto); }
 
   @Put(':id/planned-date')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   updatePlannedDate(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: { planned_date: string }) {
     return this.service.updatePlannedDate(id, dto.planned_date);
   }

backend/src/modules/reports/reports.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Query, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { ReportsService } from './reports.service';
 
 @ApiTags('reports')
@@ -11,11 +12,13 @@ export class ReportsController {
   constructor(private reportsService: ReportsService) {}
 
   @Get('balance-sheet')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getBalanceSheet(@Query('as_of') asOf?: string) {
     return this.reportsService.getBalanceSheet(asOf || new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]);
   }
 
   @Get('income-statement')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getIncomeStatement(@Query('from') from?: string, @Query('to') to?: string) {
     const now = new Date();
     const defaultFrom = `${now.getFullYear()}-01-01`;
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ export class ReportsController {
   }
 
   @Get('cash-flow-sankey')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getCashFlowSankey(
     @Query('year') year?: string,
     @Query('source') source?: string,
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ export class ReportsController {
   }
 
   @Get('cash-flow')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getCashFlowStatement(
     @Query('from') from?: string,
     @Query('to') to?: string,
@@ -51,26 +56,31 @@ export class ReportsController {
   }
 
   @Get('aging')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getAgingReport() {
     return this.reportsService.getAgingReport();
   }
 
   @Get('year-end')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getYearEndSummary(@Query('year') year?: string) {
     return this.reportsService.getYearEndSummary(parseInt(year || '') || new Date().getFullYear());
   }
 
   @Get('dashboard')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getDashboardKPIs() {
     return this.reportsService.getDashboardKPIs();
   }
 
   @Get('upcoming-investment-activities')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getUpcomingInvestmentActivities() {
     return this.reportsService.getUpcomingInvestmentActivities();
   }
 
   @Get('cash-flow-forecast')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getCashFlowForecast(
     @Query('startYear') startYear?: string,
     @Query('months') months?: string,
@@ -81,6 +91,7 @@ export class ReportsController {
   }
 
   @Get('capital-planning')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getCapitalPlanningReport(@Query('startYear') startYear?: string) {
     return this.reportsService.getCapitalPlanningReport(
       parseInt(startYear || '') || undefined,
@@ -88,6 +99,7 @@ export class ReportsController {
   }
 
   @Get('quarterly')
+  @RequireCapability('reports.view')
   getQuarterlyFinancial(
     @Query('year') year?: string,
     @Query('quarter') quarter?: string,

backend/src/modules/reserve-components/reserve-components.controller.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { ReserveComponentsService } from './reserve-components.service';
 
 @ApiTags('reserve-components')
@@ -11,14 +12,18 @@ export class ReserveComponentsController {
   constructor(private service: ReserveComponentsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findAll() { return this.service.findAll(); }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.service.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.service.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('planning.projects.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.service.update(id, dto); }
 }

backend/src/modules/units/units.controller.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Delete, Body, Param, Res, UseGuards } from
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { Response } from 'express';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { UnitsService } from './units.service';
 
 @ApiTags('units')
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ export class UnitsController {
   constructor(private unitsService: UnitsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.view')
   findAll() { return this.unitsService.findAll(); }
 
   @Get('export')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.view')
   async exportCSV(@Res() res: Response) {
     const csv = await this.unitsService.exportCSV();
     res.set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/csv', 'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename="units.csv"' });
@@ -22,17 +25,22 @@ export class UnitsController {
   }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.unitsService.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post('import')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.edit')
   importCSV(@Body() rows: any[]) { return this.unitsService.importCSV(rows); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.unitsService.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.unitsService.update(id, dto); }
 
   @Delete(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('assessments.units.edit')
   delete(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.unitsService.delete(id); }
 }

backend/src/modules/vendors/vendors.controller.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Controller, Get, Post, Put, Body, Param, Query, Res, UseGuards } from '
 import { ApiTags, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import { Response } from 'express';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequireCapability } from '../../common/decorators/capability.decorator';
 import { VendorsService } from './vendors.service';
 
 @ApiTags('vendors')
@@ -12,9 +13,11 @@ export class VendorsController {
   constructor(private vendorsService: VendorsService) {}
 
   @Get()
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.view')
   findAll() { return this.vendorsService.findAll(); }
 
   @Get('export')
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.view')
   async exportCSV(@Res() res: Response) {
     const csv = await this.vendorsService.exportCSV();
     res.set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/csv', 'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename="vendors.csv"' });
@@ -22,19 +25,24 @@ export class VendorsController {
   }
 
   @Get('1099-data')
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.view')
   get1099Data(@Query('year') year: string) {
     return this.vendorsService.get1099Data(parseInt(year) || new Date().getFullYear());
   }
 
   @Get(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.view')
   findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { return this.vendorsService.findOne(id); }
 
   @Post('import')
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.edit')
   importCSV(@Body() rows: any[]) { return this.vendorsService.importCSV(rows); }
 
   @Post()
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.edit')
   create(@Body() dto: any) { return this.vendorsService.create(dto); }
 
   @Put(':id')
+  @RequireCapability('reference.vendors.edit')
   update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() dto: any) { return this.vendorsService.update(id, dto); }
 }

db/init/00-init.sql

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ CREATE TABLE shared.user_organizations (
     id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4(),
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES shared.users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     organization_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES shared.organizations(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    role VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL CHECK (role IN ('president', 'treasurer', 'secretary', 'member_at_large', 'manager', 'homeowner', 'admin', 'viewer')),
+    role VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL CHECK (role IN ('president', 'vice_president', 'treasurer', 'secretary', 'member_at_large', 'manager', 'homeowner', 'admin', 'viewer')),
     is_active BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,
     joined_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
     UNIQUE(user_id, organization_id)

db/migrations/020-add-vice-president-role.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Migration 020: Add vice_president role to user_organizations
+-- This adds the vice_president role to the CHECK constraint on the role column.
+
+ALTER TABLE shared.user_organizations
+  DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS user_organizations_role_check;
+
+ALTER TABLE shared.user_organizations
+  ADD CONSTRAINT user_organizations_role_check
+  CHECK (role IN ('president', 'vice_president', 'treasurer', 'secretary', 'member_at_large', 'manager', 'homeowner', 'admin', 'viewer'));

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import { AssessmentScenarioDetailPage } from './pages/board-planning/AssessmentS
 import { ScenarioComparisonPage } from './pages/board-planning/ScenarioComparisonPage';
 import { BudgetPlanningPage } from './pages/board-planning/BudgetPlanningPage';
 import { PricingPage } from './pages/pricing/PricingPage';
+import { PermissionSettingsPage } from './pages/settings/PermissionSettingsPage';
 import { OnboardingPage } from './pages/onboarding/OnboardingPage';
 import { OnboardingPendingPage } from './pages/onboarding/OnboardingPendingPage';
 
@@ -182,6 +183,7 @@ export function App() {
         <Route path="settings" element={<SettingsPage />} />
         <Route path="preferences" element={<UserPreferencesPage />} />
         <Route path="org-members" element={<OrgMembersPage />} />
+        <Route path="settings/permissions" element={<PermissionSettingsPage />} />
       </Route>
     </Routes>
   );

frontend/src/components/layout/AppLayout.tsx

@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ export function AppLayout() {
     navigate('/admin');
   };
 
-  // Tenant admins (president role) can manage org members
-  const isTenantAdmin = currentOrg?.role === 'president' || currentOrg?.role === 'admin';
+  // Capability-based check: can this user manage members?
+  const capabilities = currentOrg?.capabilities || [];
+  const isTenantAdmin = user?.isSuperadmin || capabilities.includes('settings.members.manage');
 
   return (
     <AppShell

frontend/src/components/layout/Sidebar.tsx

@@ -23,57 +23,60 @@ import {
   IconBulb,
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions/capabilities';
+
+const C = CAPABILITIES;
 
 const navSections = [
   {
     items: [
-      { label: 'Dashboard', icon: IconDashboard, path: '/dashboard' },
+      { label: 'Dashboard', icon: IconDashboard, path: '/dashboard', capability: C.DASHBOARD_VIEW },
     ],
   },
   {
     label: 'Financials',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Accounts', icon: IconListDetails, path: '/accounts', tourId: 'nav-accounts' },
-      { label: 'Cash Flow', icon: IconChartAreaLine, path: '/cash-flow' },
-      { label: 'Monthly Actuals', icon: IconClipboardCheck, path: '/monthly-actuals' },
-      { label: 'Budgets', icon: IconReportAnalytics, path: '/budgets/2026', tourId: 'nav-budgets' },
+      { label: 'Accounts', icon: IconListDetails, path: '/accounts', tourId: 'nav-accounts', capability: C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Cash Flow', icon: IconChartAreaLine, path: '/cash-flow', capability: C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Monthly Actuals', icon: IconClipboardCheck, path: '/monthly-actuals', capability: C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Budgets', icon: IconReportAnalytics, path: '/budgets/2026', tourId: 'nav-budgets', capability: C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW },
     ],
   },
   {
     label: 'Assessments',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Units / Homeowners', icon: IconHome, path: '/units' },
-      { label: 'Assessment Groups', icon: IconCategory, path: '/assessment-groups', tourId: 'nav-assessment-groups' },
+      { label: 'Units / Homeowners', icon: IconHome, path: '/units', capability: C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Assessment Groups', icon: IconCategory, path: '/assessment-groups', tourId: 'nav-assessment-groups', capability: C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW },
     ],
   },
   {
     label: 'Board Planning',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Budget Planning', icon: IconReportAnalytics, path: '/board-planning/budgets' },
+      { label: 'Budget Planning', icon: IconReportAnalytics, path: '/board-planning/budgets', capability: C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW },
       {
-        label: 'Projects', icon: IconShieldCheck, path: '/projects',
+        label: 'Projects', icon: IconShieldCheck, path: '/projects', capability: C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
         children: [
           { label: 'Capital Planning', path: '/capital-projects' },
         ],
       },
       {
-        label: 'Assessment Scenarios', icon: IconCalculator, path: '/board-planning/assessments',
+        label: 'Assessment Scenarios', icon: IconCalculator, path: '/board-planning/assessments', capability: C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
       },
-      { label: 'Investment Planning', icon: IconSparkles, path: '/investment-planning', tourId: 'nav-investment-planning' },
-      { label: 'Investment Scenarios', icon: IconScale, path: '/board-planning/investments' },
-      { label: 'Compare Scenarios', icon: IconGitCompare, path: '/board-planning/compare' },
+      { label: 'Investment Planning', icon: IconSparkles, path: '/investment-planning', tourId: 'nav-investment-planning', capability: C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Investment Scenarios', icon: IconScale, path: '/board-planning/investments', capability: C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW },
+      { label: 'Compare Scenarios', icon: IconGitCompare, path: '/board-planning/compare', capability: C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW },
     ],
   },
   {
     label: 'Board Reference',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Vendors', icon: IconUsers, path: '/vendors' },
+      { label: 'Vendors', icon: IconUsers, path: '/vendors', capability: C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW },
     ],
   },
   {
     label: 'Transactions',
     items: [
-      { label: 'Transactions', icon: IconReceipt, path: '/transactions', tourId: 'nav-transactions' },
+      { label: 'Transactions', icon: IconReceipt, path: '/transactions', tourId: 'nav-transactions', capability: C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW },
       // Invoices and Payments hidden — see PARKING-LOT.md for future re-enablement
       // { label: 'Invoices', icon: IconFileInvoice, path: '/invoices' },
       // { label: 'Payments', icon: IconCash, path: '/payments' },
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ const navSections = [
         label: 'Reports',
         icon: IconChartSankey,
         tourId: 'nav-reports',
+        capability: C.REPORTS_VIEW,
         children: [
           { label: 'Balance Sheet', path: '/reports/balance-sheet' },
           { label: 'Income Statement', path: '/reports/income-statement' },
@@ -114,6 +118,15 @@ export function Sidebar({ onNavigate }: SidebarProps) {
   const organizations = useAuthStore((s) => s.organizations);
   const isAdminOnly = location.pathname.startsWith('/admin') && !currentOrg;
 
+  const capabilities = currentOrg?.capabilities || [];
+  const isSuperadmin = user?.isSuperadmin;
+
+  const hasCapability = (cap?: string) => {
+    if (!cap) return true;
+    if (isSuperadmin) return true;
+    return capabilities.includes(cap);
+  };
+
   const go = (path: string) => {
     navigate(path);
     onNavigate?.();
@@ -164,7 +177,10 @@ export function Sidebar({ onNavigate }: SidebarProps) {
 
   return (
     <ScrollArea p="sm" data-tour="sidebar-nav">
-      {navSections.map((section, sIdx) => (
+      {navSections.map((section, sIdx) => {
+        const visibleItems = section.items.filter((item: any) => hasCapability(item.capability));
+        if (visibleItems.length === 0) return null;
+        return (
         <div key={sIdx}>
           {section.label && (
             <>
@@ -174,7 +190,7 @@ export function Sidebar({ onNavigate }: SidebarProps) {
               </Text>
             </>
           )}
-          {section.items.map((item: any) =>
+          {visibleItems.map((item: any) =>
             item.children && !item.path ? (
               // Collapsible group without a parent route (e.g. Reports)
               <NavLink
@@ -230,7 +246,8 @@ export function Sidebar({ onNavigate }: SidebarProps) {
             ),
           )}
         </div>
-      ))}
+        );
+      })}
 
       {user?.isSuperadmin && (
         <>

frontend/src/pages/accounts/AccountsPage.tsx

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import {
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 const INVESTMENT_TYPES = ['inv_cd', 'inv_money_market', 'inv_treasury', 'inv_savings', 'inv_brokerage'];
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export function AccountsPage() {
   const [showArchived, setShowArchived] = useState(false);
   const [transferOpened, { open: openTransfer, close: closeTransfer }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT);
 
   // ── Accounts query ──
   const { data: accounts = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Account[]>({

frontend/src/pages/assessment-groups/AssessmentGroupsPage.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface AssessmentGroup {
   id: string;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export function AssessmentGroupsPage() {
   const [opened, { open, close }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<AssessmentGroup | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: groups = [], isLoading } = useQuery<AssessmentGroup[]>({
     queryKey: ['assessment-groups'],

frontend/src/pages/board-planning/BudgetPlanningPage.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 import { usePreferencesStore } from '../../stores/preferencesStore';
 
 interface PlanLine {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ const statusColors: Record<string, string> = {
 
 export function BudgetPlanningPage() {
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT);
   const isDark = usePreferencesStore((s) => s.colorScheme) === 'dark';
   const stickyBg = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-7)' : 'white';
   const stickyBorder = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-4)' : '#e9ecef';

frontend/src/pages/budgets/BudgetsPage.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { IconDeviceFloppy, IconInfoCircle, IconPencil, IconX, IconArrowRight } f
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 import { usePreferencesStore } from '../../stores/preferencesStore';
 
 interface BudgetLine {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export function BudgetsPage() {
   const [editData, setEditData] = useState<BudgetLine[] | null>(null); // null = not editing
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT);
   const isDark = usePreferencesStore((s) => s.colorScheme) === 'dark';
   const stickyBg = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-7)' : 'white';
   const stickyBorder = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-4)' : '#e9ecef';

frontend/src/pages/capital-projects/CapitalProjectsPage.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Types & constants
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ export function CapitalProjectsPage() {
   const [dragOverYear, setDragOverYear] = useState<number | null>(null);
   const printModeRef = useRef(false);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT);
 
   // ---- Data fetching ----
 

frontend/src/pages/dashboard/DashboardPage.tsx

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ import {
 import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
-import { useAuthStore, useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useHasAnyCapability, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 import api from '../../services/api';
 
 interface HealthScore {
@@ -350,7 +351,11 @@ interface DashboardData {
 
 export function DashboardPage() {
   const currentOrg = useAuthStore((s) => s.currentOrg);
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useHasAnyCapability(
+    CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+  );
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const navigate = useNavigate();
 

frontend/src/pages/investment-planning/InvestmentPlanningPage.tsx

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 // ── Types ──
 
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ export function InvestmentPlanningPage() {
   const [targetScenarioId, setTargetScenarioId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [newScenarioName, setNewScenarioName] = useState('');
   const [investmentStartDate, setInvestmentStartDate] = useState<Date | null>(new Date());
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT);
 
   // Load investment scenarios for the "Add to Plan" modal
   const { data: investmentScenarios } = useQuery<any[]>({

frontend/src/pages/investments/InvestmentsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { IconPlus, IconEdit } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface Investment {
   id: string; name: string; institution: string; account_number_last4: string;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function InvestmentsPage() {
   const [opened, { open, close }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<Investment | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: investments = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Investment[]>({
     queryKey: ['investments'],

frontend/src/pages/invoices/InvoicesPage.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { IconSend, IconInfoCircle, IconCheck, IconX } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface Invoice {
   id: string; invoice_number: string; unit_number: string; unit_id: string;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export function InvoicesPage() {
   const [preview, setPreview] = useState<Preview | null>(null);
   const [previewLoading, setPreviewLoading] = useState(false);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: invoices = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Invoice[]>({
     queryKey: ['invoices'],

frontend/src/pages/monthly-actuals/MonthlyActualsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 import { usePreferencesStore } from '../../stores/preferencesStore';
 import { AttachmentPanel } from '../../components/attachments/AttachmentPanel';
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export function MonthlyActualsPage() {
   const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false);
   const [confirmOpened, { open: openConfirm, close: closeConfirm }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT);
   const isDark = usePreferencesStore((s) => s.colorScheme) === 'dark';
   const stickyBg = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-7)' : 'white';
   const stickyBorder = isDark ? 'var(--mantine-color-dark-4)' : '#e9ecef';

frontend/src/pages/org-members/OrgMembersPage.tsx

@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@ import {
   IconShieldCheck, IconInfoCircle,
 } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useAuthStore, useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, useHasCapability, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface OrgMember {
   id: string;
@@ -29,19 +31,21 @@ interface OrgMember {
 
 const ROLE_OPTIONS = [
   { value: 'president', label: 'President' },
+  { value: 'vice_president', label: 'Vice President' },
   { value: 'treasurer', label: 'Treasurer' },
   { value: 'secretary', label: 'Secretary' },
-  { value: 'board_member', label: 'Board Member' },
-  { value: 'property_manager', label: 'Property Manager' },
+  { value: 'member_at_large', label: 'Member at Large' },
+  { value: 'manager', label: 'Property Manager' },
   { value: 'viewer', label: 'Viewer (Read-Only)' },
 ];
 
 const roleColors: Record<string, string> = {
   president: 'red',
+  vice_president: 'grape',
   treasurer: 'blue',
   secretary: 'green',
-  board_member: 'violet',
-  property_manager: 'orange',
+  member_at_large: 'violet',
+  manager: 'orange',
   viewer: 'gray',
   admin: 'red',
 };
@@ -52,7 +56,9 @@ export function OrgMembersPage() {
   const [editingMember, setEditingMember] = useState<OrgMember | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const { user, currentOrg } = useAuthStore();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE);
+  const canManagePermissions = useHasCapability(CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE);
 
   const { data: members = [], isLoading } = useQuery<OrgMember[]>({
     queryKey: ['org-members'],
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ export function OrgMembersPage() {
       firstName: '',
       lastName: '',
       password: '',
-      role: 'board_member',
+      role: 'member_at_large',
     },
     validate: {
       email: (v) => (/^\S+@\S+\.\S+$/.test(v) ? null : 'Valid email required'),
@@ -80,7 +86,7 @@ export function OrgMembersPage() {
 
   const editForm = useForm({
     initialValues: {
-      role: 'board_member',
+      role: 'member_at_large',
     },
   });
 
@@ -163,12 +169,19 @@ export function OrgMembersPage() {
           <Title order={2}>Organization Members</Title>
           <Text c="dimmed" size="sm">Manage who has access to {currentOrg?.name}</Text>
         </div>
+        <Group>
+          {canManagePermissions && (
+            <Button variant="light" leftSection={<IconShieldCheck size={16} />} onClick={() => navigate('/settings/permissions')}>
+              Role Permissions
+            </Button>
+          )}
           {!isReadOnly && (
             <Button leftSection={<IconUserPlus size={16} />} onClick={openAdd}>
               Add Member
             </Button>
           )}
         </Group>
+      </Group>
 
       <SimpleGrid cols={{ base: 1, sm: 3 }}>
         <Card withBorder p="xs">

frontend/src/pages/payments/PaymentsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { IconPlus, IconEdit, IconTrash } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface Payment {
   id: string; unit_id: string; unit_number: string; invoice_id: string;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function PaymentsPage() {
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<Payment | null>(null);
   const [deleteConfirm, setDeleteConfirm] = useState<Payment | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: payments = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Payment[]>({
     queryKey: ['payments'],

frontend/src/pages/projects/ProjectsPage.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { IconPlus, IconEdit, IconUpload, IconDownload, IconLock, IconLockOpen, I
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
 import { parseCSV, downloadBlob } from '../../utils/csv';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Types & constants
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export function ProjectsPage() {
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<Project | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT);
 
   // ---- Data fetching ----
 

frontend/src/pages/reserves/ReservesPage.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { IconPlus, IconEdit } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface ReserveComponent {
   id: string; name: string; category: string; description: string;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export function ReservesPage() {
   const [opened, { open, close }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<ReserveComponent | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: components = [], isLoading } = useQuery<ReserveComponent[]>({
     queryKey: ['reserve-components'],

frontend/src/pages/settings/PermissionSettingsPage.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+import {
+  Title, Text, Card, Stack, Group, Table, Checkbox, Button, Alert,
+  Badge, Tooltip, Divider, Loader, Center,
+} from '@mantine/core';
+import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
+import { IconShieldCheck, IconRefresh, IconInfoCircle } from '@tabler/icons-react';
+import { useAuthStore } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { CAPABILITY_AREAS } from '../../permissions/capabilities';
+import { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions/default-role-capabilities';
+import api from '../../services/api';
+
+/** Roles shown as columns (homeowner hidden from UI per product decision) */
+const DISPLAY_ROLES = [
+  { value: 'president', label: 'President' },
+  { value: 'vice_president', label: 'Vice President' },
+  { value: 'treasurer', label: 'Treasurer' },
+  { value: 'secretary', label: 'Secretary' },
+  { value: 'member_at_large', label: 'Member at Large' },
+  { value: 'manager', label: 'Property Manager' },
+  { value: 'viewer', label: 'Viewer' },
+];
+
+interface PermissionOverrides {
+  [role: string]: {
+    grant?: string[];
+    revoke?: string[];
+  };
+}
+
+function buildCheckedState(overrides: PermissionOverrides): Record<string, Record<string, boolean>> {
+  const state: Record<string, Record<string, boolean>> = {};
+  for (const role of DISPLAY_ROLES) {
+    const defaults = new Set(DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[role.value] || []);
+    const roleOverride = overrides[role.value];
+
+    if (roleOverride?.grant) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.grant) defaults.add(cap);
+    }
+    if (roleOverride?.revoke) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.revoke) defaults.delete(cap);
+    }
+
+    state[role.value] = {};
+    for (const area of CAPABILITY_AREAS) {
+      for (const cap of area.capabilities) {
+        state[role.value][cap.key] = defaults.has(cap.key);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return state;
+}
+
+function buildOverridesFromState(checkedState: Record<string, Record<string, boolean>>): PermissionOverrides {
+  const overrides: PermissionOverrides = {};
+  for (const role of DISPLAY_ROLES) {
+    const defaults = new Set(DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[role.value] || []);
+    const grant: string[] = [];
+    const revoke: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const [cap, checked] of Object.entries(checkedState[role.value] || {})) {
+      const isDefault = defaults.has(cap);
+      if (checked && !isDefault) grant.push(cap);
+      if (!checked && isDefault) revoke.push(cap);
+    }
+
+    if (grant.length > 0 || revoke.length > 0) {
+      overrides[role.value] = {};
+      if (grant.length > 0) overrides[role.value].grant = grant;
+      if (revoke.length > 0) overrides[role.value].revoke = revoke;
+    }
+  }
+  return overrides;
+}
+
+export function PermissionSettingsPage() {
+  const { currentOrg, setOrgSettings } = useAuthStore();
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState(false);
+
+  const existingOverrides: PermissionOverrides = useMemo(
+    () => currentOrg?.settings?.permissionOverrides || {},
+    [currentOrg?.settings?.permissionOverrides],
+  );
+
+  const [checkedState, setCheckedState] = useState<Record<string, Record<string, boolean>>>(() =>
+    buildCheckedState(existingOverrides),
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setCheckedState(buildCheckedState(existingOverrides));
+    setLoaded(true);
+  }, [existingOverrides]);
+
+  const currentOverrides = useMemo(() => buildOverridesFromState(checkedState), [checkedState]);
+  const hasChanges = JSON.stringify(currentOverrides) !== JSON.stringify(existingOverrides);
+
+  const toggleCapability = (role: string, cap: string) => {
+    setCheckedState((prev) => ({
+      ...prev,
+      [role]: {
+        ...prev[role],
+        [cap]: !prev[role]?.[cap],
+      },
+    }));
+  };
+
+  const resetRole = (roleValue: string) => {
+    const defaults = new Set(DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[roleValue] || []);
+    const newRoleState: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+    for (const area of CAPABILITY_AREAS) {
+      for (const cap of area.capabilities) {
+        newRoleState[cap.key] = defaults.has(cap.key);
+      }
+    }
+    setCheckedState((prev) => ({ ...prev, [roleValue]: newRoleState }));
+  };
+
+  const handleSave = async () => {
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      const overrides = buildOverridesFromState(checkedState);
+      const res = await api.patch('/organizations/settings', { permissionOverrides: overrides });
+      setOrgSettings(res.data);
+      notifications.show({ title: 'Saved', message: 'Permission settings updated. Members will see changes on next login or page refresh.', color: 'green' });
+    } catch (err: any) {
+      notifications.show({ title: 'Error', message: err.response?.data?.message || 'Failed to save', color: 'red' });
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const isOverridden = (role: string, cap: string) => {
+    const isDefault = (DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[role] || []).includes(cap);
+    const isChecked = checkedState[role]?.[cap] ?? false;
+    return isChecked !== isDefault;
+  };
+
+  if (!loaded) {
+    return <Center mt="xl"><Loader /></Center>;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Stack gap="md">
+      <Group justify="space-between" align="center">
+        <Group gap="xs">
+          <IconShieldCheck size={28} />
+          <Title order={2}>Role Permissions</Title>
+        </Group>
+        <Group>
+          <Button
+            variant="default"
+            leftSection={<IconRefresh size={16} />}
+            onClick={() => setCheckedState(buildCheckedState(existingOverrides))}
+            disabled={!hasChanges}
+          >
+            Discard Changes
+          </Button>
+          <Button
+            onClick={handleSave}
+            loading={saving}
+            disabled={!hasChanges}
+          >
+            Save Changes
+          </Button>
+        </Group>
+      </Group>
+
+      <Alert icon={<IconInfoCircle size={16} />} color="blue" variant="light">
+        Customize which capabilities each role has in your organization.
+        Highlighted cells differ from the system defaults. Use "Reset" to revert a role to defaults.
+        The <strong>Viewer</strong> role is always read-only regardless of settings.
+      </Alert>
+
+      <Card withBorder p={0} style={{ overflow: 'auto' }}>
+        <Table striped highlightOnHover withColumnBorders style={{ minWidth: 900 }}>
+          <Table.Thead>
+            <Table.Tr>
+              <Table.Th style={{ position: 'sticky', left: 0, background: 'var(--mantine-color-body)', zIndex: 1, minWidth: 200 }}>
+                Capability
+              </Table.Th>
+              {DISPLAY_ROLES.map((role) => (
+                <Table.Th key={role.value} style={{ textAlign: 'center', minWidth: 110 }}>
+                  <Stack gap={4} align="center">
+                    <Text size="xs" fw={600}>{role.label}</Text>
+                    <Tooltip label={`Reset ${role.label} to defaults`}>
+                      <Button
+                        variant="subtle"
+                        size="compact-xs"
+                        onClick={() => resetRole(role.value)}
+                      >
+                        Reset
+                      </Button>
+                    </Tooltip>
+                  </Stack>
+                </Table.Th>
+              ))}
+            </Table.Tr>
+          </Table.Thead>
+          <Table.Tbody>
+            {CAPABILITY_AREAS.map((area) => (
+              <>
+                <Table.Tr key={`area-${area.label}`}>
+                  <Table.Td
+                    colSpan={DISPLAY_ROLES.length + 1}
+                    style={{ background: 'var(--mantine-color-gray-1)', fontWeight: 700 }}
+                  >
+                    <Text size="sm" fw={700} tt="uppercase">{area.label}</Text>
+                  </Table.Td>
+                </Table.Tr>
+                {area.capabilities.map((cap) => (
+                  <Table.Tr key={cap.key}>
+                    <Table.Td style={{ position: 'sticky', left: 0, background: 'var(--mantine-color-body)', zIndex: 1 }}>
+                      <Text size="sm">{cap.label}</Text>
+                    </Table.Td>
+                    {DISPLAY_ROLES.map((role) => {
+                      const checked = checkedState[role.value]?.[cap.key] ?? false;
+                      const overridden = isOverridden(role.value, cap.key);
+                      return (
+                        <Table.Td
+                          key={role.value}
+                          style={{
+                            textAlign: 'center',
+                            background: overridden ? 'var(--mantine-color-yellow-0)' : undefined,
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          <Checkbox
+                            checked={checked}
+                            onChange={() => toggleCapability(role.value, cap.key)}
+                            styles={{ input: { cursor: 'pointer' } }}
+                          />
+                        </Table.Td>
+                      );
+                    })}
+                  </Table.Tr>
+                ))}
+              </>
+            ))}
+          </Table.Tbody>
+        </Table>
+      </Card>
+
+      {hasChanges && (
+        <Alert color="yellow" variant="light">
+          You have unsaved changes. Click "Save Changes" to apply.
+        </Alert>
+      )}
+    </Stack>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/pages/transactions/TransactionsPage.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { IconPlus, IconEye, IconCheck, IconX, IconTrash, IconShieldCheck } from
 import { AttachmentPanel } from '../../components/attachments/AttachmentPanel';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface JournalEntryLine {
   id?: string;
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export function TransactionsPage() {
   const [opened, { open, close }] = useDisclosure(false);
   const [viewId, setViewId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: entries = [], isLoading } = useQuery<JournalEntry[]>({
     queryKey: ['journal-entries'],

frontend/src/pages/units/UnitsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { IconPlus, IconEdit, IconSearch, IconTrash, IconInfoCircle, IconUpload,
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
 import { parseCSV, downloadBlob } from '../../utils/csv';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 
 interface Unit {
   id: string;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function UnitsPage() {
   const [deleteConfirm, setDeleteConfirm] = useState<Unit | null>(null);
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: units = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Unit[]>({
     queryKey: ['units'],

frontend/src/pages/vendors/VendorsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { notifications } from '@mantine/notifications';
 import { IconPlus, IconEdit, IconSearch, IconUpload, IconDownload, IconUsers, IconBulb, IconRocket } from '@tabler/icons-react';
 import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import api from '../../services/api';
-import { useIsReadOnly } from '../../stores/authStore';
+import { useCanEdit, CAPABILITIES } from '../../permissions';
 import { parseCSV, downloadBlob } from '../../utils/csv';
 
 interface Vendor {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export function VendorsPage() {
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-  const isReadOnly = useIsReadOnly();
+  const isReadOnly = !useCanEdit(CAPABILITIES.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT);
 
   const { data: vendors = [], isLoading } = useQuery<Vendor[]>({
     queryKey: ['vendors'],

frontend/src/permissions/CapabilityGate.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { ReactNode } from 'react';
+import { useHasCapability, useHasAnyCapability } from './useCapability';
+
+interface CapabilityGateProps {
+  /** Single capability required */
+  capability?: string;
+  /** Multiple capabilities — user needs at least one */
+  anyOf?: string[];
+  /** Content shown when user has the capability */
+  children: ReactNode;
+  /** Optional fallback shown when user lacks the capability */
+  fallback?: ReactNode;
+}
+
+export function CapabilityGate({ capability, anyOf, children, fallback = null }: CapabilityGateProps) {
+  const hasSingle = useHasCapability(capability || '');
+  const hasAny = useHasAnyCapability(...(anyOf || []));
+
+  const allowed = capability ? hasSingle : anyOf ? hasAny : true;
+
+  return allowed ? <>{children}</> : <>{fallback}</>;
+}

frontend/src/permissions/capabilities.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/**
+ * Capability taxonomy for the HOA Financial Platform.
+ *
+ * This file mirrors backend/src/common/permissions/capabilities.ts.
+ * Keep both files in sync when adding new capabilities.
+ */
+export const CAPABILITIES = {
+  DASHBOARD_VIEW: 'dashboard.view',
+
+  FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW: 'financials.accounts.view',
+  FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT: 'financials.accounts.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW: 'financials.cashflow.view',
+  FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT: 'financials.cashflow.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW: 'financials.actuals.view',
+  FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT: 'financials.actuals.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW: 'financials.budgets.view',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT: 'financials.budgets.edit',
+  FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE: 'financials.budgets.approve',
+
+  ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW: 'assessments.units.view',
+  ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT: 'assessments.units.edit',
+  ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW: 'assessments.groups.view',
+  ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT: 'assessments.groups.edit',
+
+  PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW: 'planning.budgets.view',
+  PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT: 'planning.budgets.edit',
+  PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW: 'planning.projects.view',
+  PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT: 'planning.projects.edit',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW: 'planning.scenarios.view',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT: 'planning.scenarios.edit',
+  PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE: 'planning.scenarios.approve',
+  PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW: 'planning.investments.view',
+  PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT: 'planning.investments.edit',
+
+  REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW: 'reference.vendors.view',
+  REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT: 'reference.vendors.edit',
+
+  TRANSACTIONS_VIEW: 'transactions.view',
+  TRANSACTIONS_EDIT: 'transactions.edit',
+  TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE: 'transactions.approve',
+
+  REPORTS_VIEW: 'reports.view',
+
+  SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW: 'settings.org.view',
+  SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT: 'settings.org.edit',
+  SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW: 'settings.members.view',
+  SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE: 'settings.members.manage',
+  SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE: 'settings.permissions.manage',
+} as const;
+
+export type Capability = (typeof CAPABILITIES)[keyof typeof CAPABILITIES];
+
+export const ALL_CAPABILITIES = new Set<string>(Object.values(CAPABILITIES));
+
+/** Human-readable labels for capability areas (for admin UI) */
+export const CAPABILITY_AREAS: { label: string; capabilities: { key: string; label: string }[] }[] = [
+  {
+    label: 'Dashboard',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.DASHBOARD_VIEW, label: 'View Dashboard' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Financials',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, label: 'View Accounts' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Accounts' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, label: 'View Cash Flow' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT, label: 'Edit Cash Flow' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, label: 'View Monthly Actuals' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Monthly Actuals' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, label: 'View Budgets' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Budgets' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE, label: 'Approve Budgets' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Assessments',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, label: 'View Units' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Units' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, label: 'View Assessment Groups' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Assessment Groups' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Board Planning',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, label: 'View Budget Planning' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Budget Planning' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, label: 'View Projects' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Projects' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, label: 'View Scenarios' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Scenarios' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE, label: 'Approve Scenarios' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, label: 'View Investments' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Investments' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Board Reference',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, label: 'View Vendors' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Vendors' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Transactions',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, label: 'View Transactions' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT, label: 'Edit Transactions' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE, label: 'Approve Transactions' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Reports',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.REPORTS_VIEW, label: 'View Reports' },
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    label: 'Administration',
+    capabilities: [
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW, label: 'View Org Settings' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT, label: 'Edit Org Settings' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW, label: 'View Members' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE, label: 'Manage Members' },
+      { key: CAPABILITIES.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE, label: 'Manage Permissions' },
+    ],
+  },
+];

frontend/src/permissions/default-role-capabilities.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import { CAPABILITIES } from './capabilities';
+
+const C = CAPABILITIES;
+
+/**
+ * Default capability sets per role.
+ *
+ * Mirrors backend/src/common/permissions/default-role-capabilities.ts.
+ * Keep both files in sync.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES: Record<string, readonly string[]> = {
+  president: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT, C.TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE,
+    C.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE,
+  ],
+
+  admin: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_APPROVE,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_APPROVE,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT, C.TRANSACTIONS_APPROVE,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_ORG_EDIT,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW, C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_MANAGE,
+    C.SETTINGS_PERMISSIONS_MANAGE,
+  ],
+
+  vice_president: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_ORG_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  treasurer: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_EDIT,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW, C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_EDIT,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+    C.SETTINGS_MEMBERS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  secretary: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  member_at_large: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  manager: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW, C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_EDIT,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW, C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_EDIT,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW, C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_EDIT,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW, C.TRANSACTIONS_EDIT,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  homeowner: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+
+  viewer: [
+    C.DASHBOARD_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACCOUNTS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_CASHFLOW_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_ACTUALS_VIEW,
+    C.FINANCIALS_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_UNITS_VIEW,
+    C.ASSESSMENTS_GROUPS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_BUDGETS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_PROJECTS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_SCENARIOS_VIEW,
+    C.PLANNING_INVESTMENTS_VIEW,
+    C.REFERENCE_VENDORS_VIEW,
+    C.TRANSACTIONS_VIEW,
+    C.REPORTS_VIEW,
+  ],
+};

frontend/src/permissions/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export { CAPABILITIES, ALL_CAPABILITIES, CAPABILITY_AREAS } from './capabilities';
+export type { Capability } from './capabilities';
+export { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from './default-role-capabilities';
+export { resolveCapabilities } from './resolve-permissions';
+export type { PermissionOverrides } from './resolve-permissions';
+export { useHasCapability, useHasAnyCapability, useHasAllCapabilities, useCanEdit } from './useCapability';
+export { CapabilityGate } from './CapabilityGate';

frontend/src/permissions/resolve-permissions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { ALL_CAPABILITIES } from './capabilities';
+import { DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES } from './default-role-capabilities';
+
+export interface PermissionOverrides {
+  [role: string]: {
+    grant?: string[];
+    revoke?: string[];
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve effective capabilities for a role, applying tenant overrides.
+ *
+ * Mirrors backend/src/common/permissions/resolve-permissions.ts.
+ */
+export function resolveCapabilities(
+  role: string,
+  overrides?: PermissionOverrides | null,
+): Set<string> {
+  const defaults = DEFAULT_ROLE_CAPABILITIES[role] || [];
+  const result = new Set<string>(defaults);
+
+  if (overrides && overrides[role]) {
+    const roleOverride = overrides[role];
+
+    if (roleOverride.grant) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.grant) {
+        if (ALL_CAPABILITIES.has(cap)) {
+          result.add(cap);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (roleOverride.revoke) {
+      for (const cap of roleOverride.revoke) {
+        result.delete(cap);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}

frontend/src/permissions/useCapability.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { useAuthStore } from '../stores/authStore';
+
+/**
+ * Check if the current user has a specific capability.
+ * Superadmins always return true.
+ */
+export function useHasCapability(capability: string): boolean {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const capabilities = useAuthStore((s) => s.currentOrg?.capabilities);
+  if (user?.isSuperadmin) return true;
+  return capabilities?.includes(capability) ?? false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the current user has ANY of the given capabilities.
+ * Superadmins always return true.
+ */
+export function useHasAnyCapability(...caps: string[]): boolean {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const capabilities = useAuthStore((s) => s.currentOrg?.capabilities);
+  if (user?.isSuperadmin) return true;
+  if (!capabilities) return false;
+  return caps.some((c) => capabilities.includes(c));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if the current user has ALL of the given capabilities.
+ * Superadmins always return true.
+ */
+export function useHasAllCapabilities(...caps: string[]): boolean {
+  const user = useAuthStore((s) => s.user);
+  const capabilities = useAuthStore((s) => s.currentOrg?.capabilities);
+  if (user?.isSuperadmin) return true;
+  if (!capabilities) return false;
+  return caps.every((c) => capabilities.includes(c));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a specific capability string matches the user's capability for edit actions.
+ * This replaces the old useIsReadOnly() for more granular checks.
+ */
+export function useCanEdit(editCapability: string): boolean {
+  return useHasCapability(editCapability);
+}

frontend/src/stores/authStore.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ interface Organization {
   status?: string;
   planLevel?: string;
   settings?: Record<string, any>;
+  capabilities?: string[];
 }
 
 interface User {
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ export const useAuthStore = create<AuthState>()(
     }),
     {
       name: 'ledgeriq-auth',
-      version: 5,
+      version: 6,
       migrate: () => ({
         token: null,
         user: null,